During laser welding, the dynamic behavior of the melt pool and keyhole changes rapidly, making it difficult for conventional observation methods to capture details. The melt pool monitoring welding camera, using high dynamic range imaging and narrow-band filtering technology, effectively suppresses laser reflection and plasma radiation, clearly revealing the keyhole opening, melt pool flow, and spatter trajectories. Its advantages include: real-time feedback on penetration status to support closed-loop weld quality control; early detection of defects such as voids and lack of fusion, reducing reject rates; and recording process videos for process optimization and quality traceability. In precision laser welding applications such as thin-plate butt welding and battery tab welding, this camera significantly improves process stability and yield.